ALBA: General and Servant to the Crown

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Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Third Duke of Alba, is one of the most formidable and controversial figures of the 16th century. He has been depicted as a great hero, an indefatigable defender of the Catholic faith, and a true buttress of the Spanish monarchy, but also as a terrifying man and the dark suppressor of the revolt in the Low Countries.

During his long and fascinating life, Alba revealed wide-ranging skills and interests. A successful soldier, he was also a distinguished courtier and an influential diplomat serving his monarchs, Charles V and Philip II, without fail.

Moreover, he was an avid art collector. Using a variety of sources, including previously unexamined data, 16 leading historians from eight countries present newly developed insights and offer a nuanced image of the Grand Duque. Adopting different perspectives, they shed new light on this intriguing and influential leader, thus showing that Alba continues to be deserving of study and discussion.