ROAD TO CIVIL WAR, 1625-1642: The Unexpected Revolution

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Revisionist history showing a gradual build-up of opposition and a drift to conflict which few expected or wanted despite growing Stuart absolutism, threats to Parliament, and the accepted civil order and religious controversy. The study of the three kingdoms covers the major themes of religious dispute with Laud, Wentworth, and Strafford - towering figures - church reform, 'godly' religions, explosion of 'news' and pamphlets, the King and Lords and Commons, the Queen's often suspect influence, King Charles' absolutism and rigidity, and iconic events like the Grand Remonstance, arrest of the Five Members, Charles' departure from London, and the raising of the Royal Standard for war.